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Add MS 29987
London, British Library, MS. Add. 29987 is a medieval Tuscan musical manuscript dating from the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century. It contains a number of polyphonic Italian Trecento madrigals, ballate, sacred Mass movements, and motets, and fifteen untexted monophonic instrumental dances which are among the earliest purely instrumental pieces in the Western musical tradition. The manuscript apparently belonged to the de' Medici family in the fifteenth century, and by 1670 to Carlo di Tommaso Strozzi; it was in the British Museum from 1876, and is now in the British Library.〔〔
== The manuscript ==
The manuscript measures approximately 26 × 19.5 cm, and consists of 88 parchment leaves in 11 quaternio gatherings.〔 There are six flyleaves at the front, one from 1957, three from 1876 and two from the seventeenth century, of which the first has a list in the hand of Carlo di Tommaso Strozzi of the composers represented; two flyleaves at the back date from 1876 and 1957. The binding in half leather is from 1957, over older thick wooden boards. The first folio has the arms of the de' Medici family in red, gold, blue and green;〔 the arms are in the "augmented" form, with the arms of France in the upper central ball, granted by Louis XI in 1465.〔
Add 29987 is a part of a larger manuscript of at least 185 pages, as the surviving leaves were originally numbered 98–185.〔 The pages are ruled with eight five-line staves in red, and the music is written in full (black) mensural notation, with only occasional use of void ("white") notes and red colouration.〔 It is carelessly written in one principal and several other scribal hands; the musical text is corrupted in many places by a later hand which altered the rhythms and added inappropriate rests.〔
The exact date of the manuscript remains uncertain; estimates range from the late fourteenth century to about 1425. The music dates from 1340–1400;〔 one piece, number 118, is clearly of later date, and numbers 115–117 may also be somewhat later than most of the others.〔 The geographical origin of the manuscript is equally uncertain; it is thought to be either Tuscany or Umbria. The titles of two of the instrumental pieces, "Isabella" and "Principio di virtù" may suggest a connection to Perugia, which was ruled between 1400 and 1402 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti;〔 Visconti was, through his marriage to Isabelle of Valois, the comte de Vertus, or, in Italian, the Conte di Virtù. However Visconti was also Duke of Milan, and the manuscript may thus be connected with that city.〔
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